Helping Canberra small businesses to Get Smarter Marketing
By Jean McIntyre (Marketing Angels)
Jean Mc talks about how it’s important to identify your business’ unique selling proposition so that it’s clear to your most lucrative market that yours is the best business to serve their needs.
I had coffee today with the lovely Maria Taylor from The District Bulletin and we talked a lot about marketing – how advertising fits in to a marketing strategy but also how businesses need to really get clear on exactly who they are marketing to.
I’ve said it many times before but one can’t say it too much. Marketing is all about understanding markets and having the right messages that appeal to the markets that are most lucrative to your business. It sounds simple but most businesses get it wrong.
Well – Not That Simple
It is simple but there’s a rub. Business people can’t help but think of all the possible sales they might get and they don’t want to miss out on any possible sale. From a marketing perspective that’s just the wrong approach.
It’s true that there may simply be billions of people out there that, should they hear about your business, might be inclined to buy from you. Trouble is – that getting to them all is prohibitively costly even with the advent of the internet.
The other thing that marketing is all about is resources.
A marketing strategy is simply a plan that determines exactly where are the best places to spend your money to access the people that are MOST LIKELY to want your products and buy them. You choose a market according to how well your business can serve their needs and how easily you can communicate your messages with them.
What Determines Your Market
There are a few parameters that you should consider when establishing where your marketing dollar will be spent. This is usually determined by your resources (people, skills, experience) and limitations (money and accessibility). There’s just no point in choosing a market that has loads of money to spend if it’s impossible for you to communicate with it.
Markets generally need to meet four criteria: they must be sustainable; they must be able to be clearly identified and measured; they must be able to be reached and the must be responsive to your offering.
Here are just some of the more common characteristics that businesses can use to determine their market.
Geography
The extent to which geography determines your market depends on the type of business you have. If your business relies on interaction with people then you will generally be limited to the area to which your people can travel.
If for example your business is soccer coaching and your customers are mums and dads that have to drive their kids from school to soccer – then its likely that you’ll limit your market to a small geographic area like Tuggeranong or Woden.
If this was the case then it would be silly to spend money on advertising in the Sydney Morning Herald and you would likely make better use of local networks to promote your business. Of course if you franchise your business then it’s a different kettle of fish but still – each local area will have the same considerations.
Age
In marketing we call them ‘Cohorts’. It’s not the only way you can break up age in to markets but it’s the best known approach. You’ve heard them: ‘Baby Boomer’, ‘Generation X’, ‘Generation Y’ etc. Over time the things that happen in history, politics and society give particular age groups shared experiences that add together to affect their values, likes, dislikes and opinions. These things impact on the behaviour – in particular spending habits of particular groups that make them good prospects for certain companies.
Of course each individual in the group is unique – but there are characteristics that are generally shared that make targetting the whole age group an efficient use of resources.
Here’s a description of Baby Boomers that I love from Marketing Textbook ‘Essentials of Marketing’ (Summers et al 2003 pg 438).
“…baby boomers are concerned with their children, their jobs and their retirement. Nevertheless, some things will never change: they are a little selfish about their leisure time, a little careless about the way they spend their money, remain suspicious of the status quo, and they will always love rock ‘n’ roll.”
If this looks like a market that your business can serve you can use what you know about them to shape your messages and find the places that they’d be likely to congregate (in person and online). Thinking again about advertising – if, for example, your business sold camping equipment – then you might think about creating messages about enjoying your leisure and your marketing might include advertising in a retirement magazine and networking with over 55’s groups to get your message out.
You wouldn’t advertise at a Raiders game. Just because it’s possible that SOME of your market might be there – you are paying big money to deliver a message to a huge audience most of which isn’t interested in what you have to say.
Income
Of course – there’s no point in marketing to a group of people that can’t afford or aren’t willing to pay the price you want to get for your products.
The Australian Bureau of Statistics has really good figures on how many people are in each income quintile (incomes are divided into 5 groups) and how much they spend on each category of product each week. Using this you can establish the size of your market, determine how much of this market you are capable of capturing and how much you can earn from it. This will help you establish what your marketing budget should be to reach them.
Other Segmentation Bases
In marketing we call breaking up the market into smaller more managing groups ‘segmentation’ and the things I have described are what we call ‘bases’ or characteristics.
There are other segmentation bases that are frequently used such as psychographics (personality, values, livestyles, motivations); family life cycle; product use frequency and benefits. Each of these are appropriate ways to choose a market for your business to serve.
Get Choosy
When it comes down to it – business people need to get a bit fussy about who they choose to market to.
Stop thinking about those trillions of dollars you could earn from the billions of people out there – you are NEVER going to be able to reach them all – not with your small budget.
Start thinking about which markets will give you the best return on your marketing investment and start going after them with passion, commitment and your unique style.
I’d love to hear about what characteristics you’ve used to choose your market and why.
Jean Mc
References:
Summers J, Gardiner M, Lamb C, Hair J, McDaniel C; ‘Essentials of Marketing’ 2003, Thompson Publishing Victoria Australia